基于岩体塑性位错理论的龙门山区域构造系统演化过程     

师皓宇  黄辅琼  马念杰  王永建  马骥  邹光华  彭瑞 《地质学报》2020,94(12):3581-3589

青藏高原对四川盆地的挤压作用导致了龙门山断裂带的形成及其山脉的隆起。本文以龙门山附近区域板块运动以及深部岩体力学特性为背景，采用FLAC3D软件模拟再现了时间跨度为700万年的龙门山区域构造系统演化过程。研究结果表明：在板块运动作用下，F1、F2和F3断层依次形成，贯通的断层对地表的抬升具有较强的控制作用，当断层贯通于地表后，龙门山及其以西的川西高原持续隆起，平均抬升速率约为138mm/yr，而龙门山断裂带以东的川西坳陷只有较小的抬升量，从而导致川西高原抬升8996 m, 致使该区域产生6000m左右的落差，模拟的地形特征与目前的龙门山地形地貌基本相似。依据模拟结果与实测资料，绘制了龙门山断裂带形成及其附近区域地形地貌的演化过程图，呈现了板块挤压、断层塑性位错、地表侵蚀和沉积作用等因素共同作用对地形地貌的塑造过程。  相似文献   

胶东地区招平断裂带南段构造地球化学特征及找矿方向     

李衣鑫 《地质与勘探》2020,56(6):1105-1115

胶东是我国最大的金矿集区，已探明金资源储量5000余吨。招平断裂带是胶东地区重要的控矿断裂，通常将其分为北、中、南三段，其中北段、中段目前都赋存大型-特大型金矿床，而南段仅有几个小型矿床。为揭示该断裂带的关键控矿因素，评估其南段成矿潜力，本文以招平断裂带南段为研究对象，通过元素相关性和聚类分析，确定成矿元素共生组合，进而圈定成矿有利地段。结果显示：Au、Bi、Pb、Ag等元素在绢英岩化碎裂岩、绢英岩化花岗质碎裂岩、碎裂状花岗岩中明显富集；糜棱岩中各元素含量与围岩大致相当，富集不明显。相关性分析和聚类分析显示，Au与Bi、Ag、Hg聚为一类，相关性好，是成矿的指示元素。与北段、中段相比，南段糜棱岩和构造片岩发育，南段由南向北韧性变性作用变弱，而脆性破碎逐渐变强。金矿的形成与脆性碎裂关系密切，韧性变形不利于金矿的形成。研究认为南段的北端、南端成矿条件好，具有较好的找矿潜力，而中部不利于成矿，找矿前景不大。  相似文献   

超高压变质带金刚石研究进展     

王晓赛  杜瑾雪  史本巽  王仕林 《岩石矿物学杂志》2020,39(2):183-194

金刚石在自然界中非常稀缺,是极其珍贵的矿产资源。其中,变质成因的金刚石陆续在世界范围内多个超高压变质带被发现,更新了人们对超高压变质作用和板块构造运动的认识,推动了超高压变质带动力学的研究,引起了学术界的广泛关注。然而,对于变质成因金刚石的形成机制,还未形成一致的认识。本文在综述前人研究成果的基础上,介绍了金刚石形成的大地构造背景,研究了其形成所需的地质环境和物理化学条件,并着重对超高压变质带金刚石成因机制进行了探讨,全面分析了温压条件、XCO2、fO2对变质成因金刚石形成的影响。对比发现,当变质作用的峰期压力达到金刚石稳定域且具有较高的温度时(压力>3 GPa,温度为600~1000℃),有利于金刚石的形成,C-O-H流体中的较高CO2含量和较低氧逸度也是超高压变质带金刚石形成的必需因素。另外,金刚石形成后折返早期的降温作用有利于其保存。  相似文献   

胶东焦家断裂带蚀变岩非镜像对称特征及其地质意义     

张亮亮  马生明  朱立新  林少一  周明岭  徐忠华  王建 《大地构造与成矿学》2020,(2):276-288

焦家断裂蚀变带是胶东地区最重要的控矿构造之一。该断裂带控制的矿床是创立“焦家式”金矿理论的重要实例基础。目前,焦家断裂带累计探明Au资源储量超过1200 t,并且还在不断增加,展现了深部重要的勘查和研究价值。焦家断裂带控制的矿体主要赋存在主断面下盘,断裂带发育于花岗岩中时,上盘发育钾长石化花岗岩、绢英岩化花岗岩、黄铁绢英岩化花岗质碎裂岩、(黄铁)绢英岩质碎裂岩,下盘发育黄铁绢英岩质碎裂岩、黄铁绢英岩化花岗质碎裂岩、黄铁绢英岩化花岗岩和钾化花岗岩,蚀变类型在主断面两侧呈现对称分布特征。但是在岩性特征、结构构造、蚀变强度、化学成分等方面差异明显,表现出非镜像对称特征。上盘蚀变岩厚度大于下盘,下盘花岗岩的构造破碎程度比上盘花岗岩更严重;断裂带上盘黄铁矿含量低、一般无矿化显示,下盘黄铁矿含量高,出现金矿化;断裂带上盘的中生代花岗岩中韧性变形不发育,以脆性破裂为主,下盘发育明显的韧性变形;断裂带上下盘不同蚀变带的成矿元素Au,矿化剂元素S,成矿伴生元素Ag、Pb、Zn,亲石分散元素Ba、Sr以及主量元素Na2O、MgO含量具有差异性,指示焦家断裂带主断裂面两盘经历了不同的成矿作用过程,下盘花岗岩的热液蚀变作用与成矿作用的关系更为密切。依据焦家断裂带不同蚀变带元素的非镜像对称性特征,可利用上、下盘花岗岩和构造蚀变带的地球化学标志识别矿体或者不同蚀变带的位置,对认识“焦家式”金矿床的成因机制、预测深部成矿前景、指导深部找矿具有重要理论和实际意义。  相似文献   

三峡库区龙门寨危岩体崩塌产生涌浪研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

郑嘉豪  黄波林  张全  赵海林  冯万里  王健  陈小婷 《地质力学学报》2020,26(4):533-543

长江两岸高耸的危岩体对航道、沿岸居民带来巨大安全隐患。大宁河属于长江一级支流，龙门寨危岩体位于大宁河上，距离巫山县城仅1 km。利用FLOW-3D软件，模拟了145 m、175 m两种水位工况下龙门寨危岩体崩塌产生涌浪过程和涌浪传播过程。模拟结果表明，涌浪在145 m水位工况下最大浪高约为17.9 m，175 m水位工况下最大浪高约为11.6 m；在巫山县的五个码头处，两种水位工况最大涌浪爬高分别约为10.9 m、3.8 m；根据涌浪高度，对大宁河进行危险分区，145 m水位工况下极高危险区长度约4.4 km，很高危险区长度约1.9 km；175 m水位工况下极高危险区长度约3.0 km，很高危险区长度约1.0 km。研究结果有助于防控龙门寨危岩体潜在涌浪灾害危害，保障大宁河航道和巫山县码头安全，同时也为三峡库区滑坡涌浪灾害提供了预警依据。   相似文献   

断层附近地应力扰动带宽度及其影响因素   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

翁剑桥  曾联波  吕文雅  刘奇  祖克威 《地质力学学报》2020,26(1):39-47

在建立正断层模型的基础上，利用三维有限元数值模拟方法研究了断层附近地层中的地应力变化规律。其结果表明，由于断层活动，在断层附近普遍发育应力扰动带；在应力扰动带范围内，地应力方向和大小发生明显的变化，断层中部附近应力值普遍较低，而断层端部的应力值通常异常增大。应力扰动带的分布范围主要受断层规模的控制，与断裂带的岩石力学性质、断层走向、断层面形态和边界应力条件等因素也密切相关。随断层长度和断距逐步增大，应力扰动带的宽度相应增加。断裂带的岩石越破碎，其岩石弹性模量越低，断层对地应力的影响宽度越大。断层走向与区域最大水平主应力方向越接近垂直、断距与断层长度的比值越大，区域内的差应力越大，则扰动带宽度与断层规模的比值也越大。选择渤海湾盆地BZ-X油田进行验证，在建立油田实际三维地质模型基础上，根据边界应力条件，利用三维有限元方法对沙河街组二段的地应力分布进行了数值模拟计算。根据断层周围的地应力变化，确定了应力扰动带的分布范围，断层附近应力扰动带宽度的分布规律与正断层模型分析结果相一致。   相似文献   

复杂载荷作用下立管触地段损伤管道的动力响应     

代云云  周晶  李志刚 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2020,(1):145-153

触地段(Touchdown zone, TDZ)是在役钢悬链线立管(Steel catenary riser, SCR)的关键部位,在复杂载荷作用下,极易形成损伤缺陷,其载荷寿命的评估是深海结构工程中的一个关键问题。本文以大型有限元软件ABAQUS为平台,运用损伤管道实体单元与土弹簧阻尼单元相互作用的模型模拟触地段损伤海底管道在复杂载荷作用下的动力响应,数值计算考虑了管-土相互作用过程中的材料非线性、几何非线性以及接触非线性。讨论了单一环向体积损伤位于触地段管道的不同位置时,触地段损伤管道在不同载荷作用下的动力特性及特征点的动力响应。结果表明,管道所受内外压力以及管道提升端的竖向位移载荷会影响结构的自振频率;体积损伤部位的动力响应较完好部位更剧烈;体积损伤的位置和动力载荷频率对管道动力放大系数的影响很大;当动力载荷的激励频率越接近结构基频时,损伤管道的动力响应及动力放大系数越大。  相似文献   

Redox evolution of western Tianshan subduction zone and its effect on deep carbon cycle     

《地学前缘(英文版)》2020,11(3):915-924

Knowing the phase relations of carbon-bearing phases at high-pressure(HP) and high-temperature(HT) condition is essential for understanding the deep carbon cycle in the subduction zones.In particular,the phase relation of carbon-bearing phases is also strongly influenced by redox condition of subduction zones,which is poorly explored.Here we summarized the phase relations of carbon-bearing phases(calcite,aragonite,dolomite,magnesite,graphite,hydrocarbon) in HP metamorphic rocks(marble,metapelite,eclogite) from the Western Tianshan subduction zone and high-pressure experiments.During prograde progress of subduction,carbonates in altered oceanic crust change from Ca-carbonate(calcite) to Ca,Mg-carbonate(dolomite),then finally to Mgcarbonate(magnesite) via Mg-Ca cation exchange reaction between silicate and carbonate,while calcite in sedimentary calcareous ooze on oceanic crust directly transfers to high-pressure aragonite in marble or amorphous CaCO3 in subduction zones.Redox evolution also plays a significant effect on the carbon speciation in the Western Tianshan subduction zone.The prograde oxygen fugacity of the Western Tianshan subduction zone was constrained by mineral assemblage of garnet-omphacite from FMQ-1.9 to FMQ-2.5 at its metamorphic peak(maximum P-T) conditions.In comparison with redox conditions of other subduction zones,Western Tianshan has the lowest oxygen fugacity.Graphite and light hydrocarbon inclusions were ubiqutously identified in Western Tianshan HP metamorphic rocks and speculated to be formed from reduction of Fe-carbonate at low redox condition,which is also confirmed by high-pressure experimental simulation.Based on petrological observation and high-pressure simulation,a polarized redox model of reducing slab but oxidizing mantle wedge in subduction zone is proposed,and its effect on deep carbon cycle in subduction zones is further discussed.  相似文献   

Deep gold mineralization features of Jiaojia metallogenic belt,Jiaodong gold Province: Based on the breakthrough of 3000 m exploration drilling     

《China Geology》2020,3(3):385-401

Recently, continuous breakthroughs have been made about deep gold prospecting in the Jiaodong gold province area of China. Approximately 5000 t of cumulative gold resources have been explored in Jiaodong, which has thus become an internationally noteworthy gold ore cluster. The gold exploration depth has been increased to about 2000 m from the previous <1000 m. To further explore the mineralization potential of the Jiaodong area at a depth of about 3000 m, the Shandong Institute of Geological Sciences has drilled an exploratory drillhole named “Deep drillhole ZK01” to a depth of 3266 m. Hence, as reported herein, the mineralization characteristics of the Jiaojia metallogenic belt have been successfully documented. ZK01 is, to date, the deepest borehole with an gold intersect in China, and constitutes a significant advance in deep gold prospecting in China. The findings of this study further indicate that the depth interval of 2000 m to 4000 m below the ground surface in the Wuyi Village area incorporates 912 t of inferred gold resources, while the depth interval of 2000 m to 4000 m below the surface across the Jiaodong area possesses about 4000 t of inferred gold resources. The Jiaojia Fault Belt tends to gently dip downward, having dip angles of about 25° and about 20° at vertical depths of 2000 m and 2850 m, respectively. The deep part of the Jiaojia metallogenic belt differs from the shallow and moderately deep parts about fracturing, alteration, mineralization, and tectonic type. The deep zones can generally be categorized from inside outward as cataclastic granite, granitic cataclasite, weakly beresitized granitic cataclasite, beresitized cataclasite, and gouge. These zones exhibit a gradual transitional relation or occur alternately and repeatedly. The mineralization degree of the pyritized cataclastic granite-type ore in the deep part of the Jiaojia metallogenic belt is closely related to the degree of pyrite vein development; that is, the higher the pyrite content, the wider the veins and the higher the gold grade. Compared to the shallow gold ores, the deep-seated gold ores have higher fineness and contain joseite, tetradymite, and native bismuth, suggesting that the deep gold mineralization temperature is higher and that mantle-sourced material may have contributed to this mineralization. ZK01 has also revealed that the deep-seated ore bodies in the Jiaojia metallogenic belt are principally situated above the main fracture plane (gouge) and hosted within the Linglong Granite, contradicting previous findings indicating that the moderately shallow gold ore bodies are usually hosted in the contact zone between the Linglong Granite and Jiaodong Group or meta-gabbro. These new discoveries are particularly significant because they can help correct mineralization prospecting models, determine favorable positions for deep prospecting, and improve metallogenic prediction and resource potential evaluation.  相似文献   

勘查植物地球化学在我国不同地球化学景观区的应用现状及展望   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

王天刚  Adrian Fabris  姚仲友  Hou Baohong  赵宇浩  赵晓丹  朱意萍 《华东地质》2020,(1):1-7

勘查植物地球化学是通过分析植物器官来获取成矿元素信息的地球化学方法。我国学者在干旱荒漠区、森林沼泽区、半干旱和湿润半湿润中低山景观区开展了系统的勘查植物地球化学试验,厘定了一批适用于勘查植物地球化学调查的植物,为该方法的推广及应用奠定了良好基础。今后应进一步加强对勘查植物地球化学异常产生的机理、勘查植物地球化学数据库及指南建立、勘查植物地球化学异常遥感应用等方面的研究,更好地利用勘查植物地球化学方法服务矿产勘查工作。  相似文献